Trim and dry: Remove the woody ends from the asparagus by snapping them where they naturally break, usually about 2 inches from the bottom, then pat completely dry with paper towels to ensure proper roasting.
Toss with oil and seasonings: Place trimmed asparagus in a large bowl, drizzle with olive oil, and toss until evenly coated, then sprinkle with salt, black pepper, and minced garlic.
Arrange on baking sheet: Spread the asparagus in a single layer on a parchment-lined baking sheet, making sure the spears don't overlap too much for even cooking.
Roast the asparagus: Bake at 400 degrees Fahrenheit for 15 to 18 minutes until the spears are tender-crisp and the tips begin to brown.
Add the cheese: Remove the baking sheet from the oven and immediately sprinkle the freshly shredded mozzarella cheese evenly over the hot asparagus.
Final bake: Return to the oven for 5 to 7 minutes until the cheese is melted, bubbly, and lightly golden around the edges.
Rest and serve: Let cool for 2 to 3 minutes before serving to allow the cheese to set slightly, then transfer to a serving platter.